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Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects embedded with sensors, processing software, and communication hardware that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over communication networks.

Type: Concept Domain: Technology Engineering Social Science

Overview

These systems connect devices ranging from consumer wearables and appliances to industrial machinery, vehicles, and urban infrastructure. Implementation relies on embedded systems, hardware miniaturization, edge computing, and communication protocols such as MQTT and LoRaWAN. Operating largely without direct human intervention, networked nodes collect, process, and transmit telemetry to support automated monitoring and control.

Why it matters

IoT deployments support applications such as continuous patient monitoring in healthcare, predictive maintenance in manufacturing, and automated resource management in agriculture. Concurrently, pervasive data collection introduces governance challenges regarding data privacy, network security, and surveillance.

What it builds on

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